Diagram showing green and blue water fluxes: left side illustrates water movement in a landscape; right side shows world maps indicating regions of green water flux (top) and blue water flux (bottom) related to global water balance.

One Earth – Global patterns in water flux partitioning: Irrigated and rainfed agriculture drives asymmetrical flux to vegetation over runoff Graphical

A new study in the scientific journal ‘One Earth’ uses Machine Learning to model and show how the balance of freshwater flows varies across the Earth’s land surface. The results can be used to plan our future land and water use. The balance is particularly vulnerable under current and future climate change, as well as increasing food needs for a growing population.

The paper “Global patterns in water flux partitioning: irrigated and rainfed agriculture drives asymmetrical flux to vegetation over runoff,” by Digital Futures faculty member Gia Destouni and postdoc Daniel Althoff at Stockholm University, has just been published in One Earth.

Water on land is partitioned into a green flux that mainly sustains terrestrial ecosystems and societal food security and a blue flux that mainly sustains aquatic ecosystems and societal water security. The study shows that the green flux is mostly greater than the blue around the world. Expanding crops and irrigation to feed a growing human population will shift more blue water into green, exacerbating the blue water vulnerability to future climate change.

“These results are important to better plan and adapt our land use and balance between different freshwater flows to meet different water needs in society,” says Daniel Althoff from the Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University.

Picture of Gia Destouni

“The global machine learning model we have developed in the study is a promising tool for predicting the availability of blue and green water under different future climate and land use scenarios around the world,” says Gia Destouni, Professor of Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Water Resources at the Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University.

Gia is also an Affiliated Professor of Engineering Hydrology at KTH Royal Institute of Technology and the Editor-In-Chief of Water Resources Research at the American Geophysical Union.

Althoff D., Destouni G., Global patterns in water flux partitioning: Irrigated and rainfed agriculture drives asymmetrical flux to vegetation over runoff, One Earth, 6(9), 1246-1257, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2023.08.002

Link to Graphical abstract, short description, highlights and Science for Society summary

Find out more in this article at Stockholm University: https://www.su.se/institutionen-for-naturgeografi/nyheter/viktigt-att-vi-lär-oss-balansera-mellan-olika-behov-av-sötvatten-1.674086

Contact:
Daniel Althoff
daniel.althoff@natgeo.su.se

Georgia (Gia) Destouni
georgia.destouni@natgeo.su.se 

More news

A man in a grey shirt and jeans stands in a modern office corridor with wooden walls. A window labelled “digital future.” is visible beside him. Overhead lights and an emergency exit sign illuminate the space.

Paul Walton elected Foreign Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

21/01/2026

Paul Walton, Scholar-in-Residence at Digital Futures from August to October 2025, has been elected Foreign Member...

A large group of professionally dressed people stand together and smile for a group photo in a modern, well-lit indoor setting with wooden walls and round lights in the background.

Indian Delegation visits Digital Futures at KTH to strengthen Indo-Swedish research collaboration

21/01/2026

On 21 January 2026, Digital Futures at KTH Royal Institute of Technology welcomed a high-level...

A bald man wearing glasses, a suit, and a tie is standing in front of a bookcase filled with various books. He is looking directly at the camera with a neutral expression.

The future of wireless is multifunctional: A conversation with Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu

19/01/2026

Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu is a leading figure in modern wireless communications, whose work...

A woman with long dark hair wearing a white top and sunglasses on her head stands outdoors in a sunlit forested area with tall trees in the background.

From sensing to strategy: How Zhiqi Tang is advancing Smarter Multi-Vehicle Systems

13/01/2026

Dr. Zhiqi Tang’s postdoctoral journey at Digital Futures and KTH Royal Institute of Technology marked...